Electric power systems, their architecture and design, operation and control, all have been changing over time due to several reasons & drivers, e.g., assets ageing, increased system demand, development of new generating sources distributed generation, microgrids, wind & solar power, Electric Vehicles, Energy Storage, advances in conductors and cables, semiconductor devices, new innovative transmission and distribution technologies (e.g., HVDC, FACTS and other technologies), smart metering, Wide rea Networks (WAN), and many more. There is a trend of multi-national cross-border interconnections between countries to expand their power systems for power & energy trading deploying various interconnectors. New market forces and business models are developed to accommodate all such changes. Decarbonization of the energy sector has led to a variety of renewable energy resources being integrated into the electricity network.

Recommendations from the UN Climate Change Conference and International Energy Agency have led to transform today’s power systems into networks which are consistent with global climate change goals – this highlighting the urgency of implementing emerging technologies to meet climate and energy needs. As a result of all such changes, our power systems are facing huge technical & engineering challenges in shaping up the Future Power Systems, and the so-called Supergids as envisioned by some policy makers and investors. Just to name a few challenges, e.g., power flows changing across regions, system congestion, reduction in system inertia and fault levels, issue of system stability and power quality, limits of equipment, invisibility of distributed generation to System Operators and their impact on transmission network, forecast uncertainty, intermittency of renewable generation, issue of cyber security (power systems are vulnerable to cyber attacks leading to loss of supplies and blackouts, damage to electricity assets etc), market conditions and competition, regulatory controls, etc.